The Effects Of Sleep Consumed On The Accuracy And Reaction...

This experiment tests how the amount of sleep consumed effects the accuracy and reaction time in college students. The hypothesis states that a participant who received six or less hours of sleep the previous night will have slower reaction times and less accuracy than a participant who received more than six hours of sleep. Participants were broken into two groups (six or less hours of sleep and more than six hours) and asked to identify the color of ink on a flash card. This was a timed test to calculate accuracy and reaction time. The results of the study did not support the hypothesis. It was therefore rejected. According to Marhefka (2001), insufficient sleep reduces cognitive functioning in college student. Sleep deprivation is†¦show more content†¦Method Participants. There were twenty participants involved in this study. Seven were male and thirteen were female. Range of age of the participants was widely varied. Age was not one of the measured variables. All participants were college students or faculty at Arapahoe Community College (ACC). The participants were all selected at random. Participants were found while walking through out ACC. Each participant was given the details of participating in the study; they then made the decision to choose to participate or to decline. Materials. In this study flash cards were used to test reaction time. White 3x5 inch note cards were used. On each note card was written a color word (e.g. blue, black, purple). The color words were written in a noncorresponding colored ink (e.g. word blue written in red ink, word purple written in green ink). A stopwatch on a cell phone was used to keep time of twenty seconds. A flowchart was created to keep order of how many cards were completed correctly and incorrectly. There were thirty-seven flash cards made for this experiment which were kept in the same order throughout the study. On the flowchart, the column furthest to the left contained al the colors of the ink on each card in order. There were twenty additional columns to the right, one for each participant. Procedures. To begin the experiment, participants were asked to report the amount of sleep received the previous night. TheyShow MoreRelatedEffect of Different Music Genres on the Mind6676 Words   |  27 PagesIndividual Research Project FIRST-HAND INVESTIGATION BIOLOGY The Effect of Different Music Genres on the Human Mind: * Concentration * Spatial Reasoning * Short-Term Memory * Reaction Time Timothy Yee Joy TABLE OF CONTENTS Why I chose this topic ............................................................................3 Summary of Prior Research......................................................................4 Appendix of Research and Assessment of Reliability ........Read Moreeffect of stress on students academic performance6787 Words   |  28 Pagesreviewed by the researcher. 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Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman Essay - 875 Words

Through the use of simple diction, Whitman is able to traverse both time and distance and connect with his readers as so few other poets can. His mastery of verbiage draws readers into the poem, as few other poets can. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,† Whitman creates a vignette into the Brooklyn of the past, and he connects it to the present, though in surprising ways. The omnipresence of Whitman allows the reader to envision themselves into the settings he created- and to interpret them into modern language. By creating a path through the cities of the past, Whitman connects with his readers in a fascinating and deeply personal way. Whitman’s mastery of language and is apparent in the poem narrator’s ability†¦show more content†¦After establishing the omnipresence of the poem, Whitman addresses those readers in the future by beginning with the declaration that It avails not, time nor place—distance avails not (CITE), thus stating that I (Whitma n) am with you (CITE). Whitman connects his sights to those of the future by stating that future people will experience, he has already seen Just as you . . . or I too, which reinforces the omnipresent and boundless power of nature to connect all time and space together (CITE). Whitman relishes the joy and sheer pleasure of being connected to something much greater than himself. He does not fear the inevitable death he must face because he knows he will experience the future, though through the eyes of those yet to be born. He is able to find comfort in Others [who feel] the same—others who look back on me because I lookd forward to them (CITE). There is no finality in death because he, like his readers, will continue to live long after they are gone. After asking What is it then between us? / What is the count of the scores or hundreds of years between us? (CITE) he states that it does not matter. Whitman connects himself to all the people of the past and present, those who have been â€Å"struck from the float (CITE) or suddenly aware of the futility of a single life. One does not have to have hadShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream establishes a journey to achieve a goal in order to start a new life. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† by Walt Whitman, Walt Whitman illustrates the arrival to endorse a connection with the American future. Therefore, Walt Whitman conveys the experience of arrival using images to highlight the steps to reach the American Dream. As a result, the experience of arrival introduces a similar goal people are trying to achieve, which connects one another. Nevertheless, the people arrivingRead MoreEssay about Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman933 Words   |  4 PagesCrossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman Recurring Images and Motifs in Crossing Brooklyn Ferry In the poem Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman, there are many recurring images and motifs that can be seen. Whitman develops these images throughout the course of the poem. The most dominant of these are the linear notion of time, playing roles, and nature. By examining these motifs and tracing their development, ones understanding of the poem becomes highly deepenedRead More Dickinson vs Whitman Essay611 Words   |  3 PagesDickinson vs Whitman Two Poets, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are probably two of the most influential people in American poetry. They are regarded as the founders modern American poetry. 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Omnipresence allows the reader to envision t hemselves in the settings created and to interpret them into modern languageRead MoreIndividuality And Free Verse in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself1524 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of poetry, Walt Whitman embodies these values in his life and work. First published in 1855 in Leaves of Grass, Song of Myself is a vision of a symbolic I enraptured by the senses, vicariously embracing all people and places from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Sections 1 and 2, like the entirety of the piece, seek to reconcile the individual and the natural world in an attempt to uncover the individuals humanity. Born near Huntington, New York, Whitman was the second of a familyRead MoreLiterary Romanticism : Literary Realism852 Words   |  4 Pagesnarrator’s interpretation of the loss of his beloved Lenore, not in a matter of fact way, but rather in a romantic subjectivity way. In contrast, Walt Whitman’s Crossing Brooklyn Ferry, displays the shift from transcendentalism towards realism. Rather than imagination, Whitman uses natural imagery (real images of nature and our surroundings) to convey realism. Whitman exemplifies this as follows: Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky, so I felt, Just as any of you is one of a living crowdRead MoreAn Analysis of â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†2534 Words   |  11 PagesAn Analysis of â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† By Austin Cooley ENGL 2027 – 007 In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry† the story follows the narrator’s experience with life as he takes a beautiful ferry ride. The man talks about the meaning of his life to other people. In this crowd he brings together all of the strangers and finds a connection. His journey through â€Å"space and time† is focused on the people. 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Emma Lazarus in â€Å"The New Colossus†, Jane Addams in Twenty Years at Hull House, Walt Whitman in â€Å"Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry†, Theodore Roosevelt in American Ideals, and Thomas Aldrich in â€Å"Unguarded Gates† are just a few names in American Literature who use their work as a medium to voice their opinions on the issue of immigration. Emma Lazarus’s poemRead MoreThe Most Uneven Great Poet By Tenney Nathanson1102 Words   |  5 Pagestumultuous waves,) Ever with pleas’d smile I may keep on, Ever and ever yet the verses owning – as, first, I here and now, Singing for Soul and Body, set to them my name, Walt Whitman Walt Whitman, termed â€Å"America’s most uneven great poet† by Tenney Nathanson, is one of America’s greatest poets. Born in 1819 in Long Island, Whitman lived during an era when sexuality, especially homosexuality, a term not coined until years later, was a taboo subject not to be discussed in public. Many of his poems

Case Study of Airaisa Airline Plane-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Analyse the Case Study of Airaisa Airline Plane 8051 Crash in 2014 Decision Making Problem Solving. Answer: Introduction The report is regarding the Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 (QZ8501/AWQ8501) which was scheduled to carry passengers from Surabaya, Indonesia, to Singapore. The international passenger flight was operated by AirAsia Group affiliate Indonesia AirAsia. The flight met with an accident on 8 December 2014, while operating on the route, crashing into the Java Sea due to bad weather. The incident killed all 155 passengers and seven crew on board. The debris and human remains were collected two days later in the Java Sea. The wreckage was found on the sea floor on 3 January 2015(ABEND, 2015). The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were recovered by 13 January. The aircraft was hindered during an unusual steep climb and had been incapable to recuperate. On 1 December 2015, the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee stated that the incidence was caused due to the sequence of events causing crash due to malfunction in the rudder travel limiter unit. The pilots reply to t he 104-degree roll of the aircraft and miscommunication lead to chain of events leading loss of aircraft. The air crash became the second-deadliest in Indonesian territory, behind Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 in 1997. It was considered as the second deadliest crash involving A320 and the third deadliest involving an Airbus A320 family (Lab, 2015). The aircraft crash lead to series of consequences generating multiple allegations on the AirAsia. It further leads to economic crash and had a long term impact (Smith, 2015). Purpose of Report The report is related to examination of Air crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 (QZ8501/AWQ8501). The incidence leads to series of impacts on the Indonesian economy. Such incidence creates distrust in the airliner and hence creates disruption. The AirAsia incidences lead to multiple theories against their goodwill. One of the main purposes is to examine the consequences that lead to this event and further affected the unsettled events coming up in future. AirAsia suffered widespread allegations due to the incidence and witnessed a series of fall in the share market. The group is a pioneer of low -cost model in Asia, and has built a strong reputation for affordable and safe flying. This has further questioned the credibility of AirAsias long history in aviation industry. An analysis into the matter and how it affected companys position wherein causing a fall in the share price. It showcases the investor behavior due to the fall in the stock market during the period. It further prov ides recommendations to the company and the readers regarding the air crash. This has further greater implications on the airliner in order to reduce such incidence (Trask, 2016). Company, Problem and Approach Used to Solve The air crash was known as one the second-deadliest incidence in the history of Indonesian territory. It has affected people trust over the airliner and hampered the peoples faith for a long time-period. The fatal crash occurred due to bad weather condition. The deadliest incident created a deep concern in mind of people regarding the credibility of aircraft. The probable reason behind the crash was due to the bad weather. This accident has created a concern among people, whether to trust the brand or not. AirAsia is known across the world for holding minority interest in countries like Thailand, the Philippines, India; the low cost airliner is carrying out facilities in order to manage the operations in the cost-friendly way. Incidence like this has questioned the credibility of the airliner and shaken the faith of people. AirAsia has flown more than 200 Million passengers across the world, including its long haul arm AirAsia X. There has never been an incidence regarding the lost o f flight or accident. The apparent incidence caused due to the miscommunication in between the pilot and the co-pilot due to the technical problem. The Airbus was en-route to Singapore from Surabaya, wherein it lost the contact with air traffic control after 42 Minutes after takeoff. Seven crew members and 155 passengers were on board. The wreckage and bodies were later collected from the Java Sea. There were multiple theories suggesting the reason behind the incidence. Investigators state that the Airliner lost the control of the plane leading to accident (Otto and Pasztor, 2015). Another theory suggests that the incidence was caused due to technical problem with the Rudder Travel Limiter; The estimated interruption to RTL occurred around 3 times in a space of 13minutes resulting in disengagement to auto-pilot. The loss in auto-pilot function created a miscommunication in between the pilot and the co-pilot leading to manual fly. According to the information collected from the two b lack boxes; there was a miscommunication in between the two pilots. The pilot instructed the co-pilot to pull down which literally means sending the plane to 38,000 feet. There is a literal misrepresentation of instructions as given by the pilot to the co-pilot (Barreveld, 2015). The findings from the year long investigations suggest that there was no standardised terminology. Co-pilot was initially taken control of the plane as the pilot was fixing the RTL. Further investigations suggested that the plane faced the same issue 23 times since January 2014. The problem occurred due to a cracked solder joint when exposed to extreme temperature (Koren, 2015). The investigation detects two reasons behind the incidence resulting in plane crash. The malfunctioning of RTL and subsequent flight crew action resulted in the accident. It was beyond the capability of the crew to recover. The series of technical failure resulted in the incidence. The joint investigation by Australian, French, Singaporean and Malaysian authorities has pointed out the weakness in pilot training in dealing with such situations. It is further recommended by the authorities that the pilots have to be given training regarding the recovery of plane (Pounian and Green, 2015). Analysis From above it is clear that analysis it is clear that the It is very well clear from the scenario that the AirAsia pilots are not given with a proper training. There were sudden changes in the market leading to change in airliner in an effective way. This has a prolong impact on the history of aircraft industry. This has a direct influence on the airliner and influenced the factors that were later responsible for the ill-fate of the aircraft. It is further justified that the airliner has a direct implication on the flight and impact the flight had on the long term sustainability (Brajawidagda, Chatfield and Reddick, 2015). This is important enough while analysing the factors that are associated with the incidence. This is important in order to avoid such incidences in the aviation industry. This is important enough for handling the situation in the most effective way. More the less, this incidence is an example of ignorance that required to be dealt with utmost care. It is clear from that the steep fly angle in attempting to over-fly a huge thundercloud the Air Asia plane, flying from Surabaya to Singapore in the early morning of 28 December 2014, entered the thundercloud. Jet-engines stopped working without presence of oxygen. Air Asia flight QZ8501, a twin engine Airbus 320, unfortunately flew into such a bubble of CO2 the aircraft made an "unbelievably" steep climb, from 32,000 to 38,000 feet, possibly pushing it beyond the Airbus A320's limit. Due to the high altitude and steep angle of climb, the plane lost control and lost the balance. As per the research, The CO2 escaping from an unknown source in the earths crust resulted in high winds at this altitude, leading the incidence (Matsuno and Ilmi, 2015). There were sudden disturbance in the flight recorder (black box) from Flight 8501 can disprove or otherwise validate this theory. The possible reason behind the incidence can only be determined through the recordings. There are multiple theories one out of many possible explanations for the accident. The crucial point to look for is the relatively sudden loss of thrust due to failure of both engines at about 36,000 feet (Gerken, et al 2016). There is a need to conduct an investigation into the matter like - Investigation of possible volcanic activity in the region. This is to avoid any repeat of stalling aircraft, in case more CO2 is released. Critical Evaluation of the Approach Used One of the main reasons behind the incidence was due to ineffective training. This is critical for gaining an effective insight. There were questions on the credibility of the airliner that has affected the company. People avoided the use of Aircraft after the incidence took place. There are situation where the critics have slammed the company for using inefficient aircrafts (Elliot, 2015). Improvements Suggested in the Approach used There are consistent issues in the airliner that required to be addressed in a well effective way. There is a necessity to adopt a standardised training process. The pilots are not being provided with a proper training that in return has affected the brand. Reports suggested that the Airliner was not following any standardized guidelines that created the confusion. There is a necessity to address the problem in a well and effective way so as to manage the problem with a correct approach. This is important for gaining effectiveness in drawing efficiency in the best possible way (LA Times, 2015). Other Available Approaches Another critical issue found in the case study is regarding the use of failed aircraft parts. The incident could have been avoided if the RTL was repaired at an early stage. There is a constant issue that is been faced by the airliner. Such an incidence created questions in the mind of the travellers and the other stakeholders. It is important to repair the aircraft in order to avoid such incidences in future. The Best Approach The best approach is to find out the most appropriate solution to the problem and to effectively implement the plan in order to eliminate the repercussion of such incidence. This is important to eliminate such incidences that might affect the company later. This is necessary for implementing one of the most effective ways to reduce the ill-impact (Auxier, 2015; Bellamy, 2015). Stock Market Analysis After the incidence, AirAsia share price fell 7.8 percent. This was their biggest one-day drop in more than three years after its Flight QZ8501 went missing. A lot many travelers lost faith in the airline. This has affected the company profits for a short period. AirAsia took the whole responsibility and believed in shifting people negative attitude towards the airline (Wise, 2015). The Kuala Lumpur-traded shares of AirAsia had fallen 7.8 percent as of 0320 GMT, their biggest daily drop since Sept. 22, 2011. The stock had dropped as much as 12.9 percent after the opening, compared with a 0.4 percent decline in Kuala Lumpurs benchmark index. The fall in investors faith has affected the brand and later created a question in their mind. They find it difficult for them to manage the interest of people in the company (Plucinska, 2015). About 59.5 million AirAsia shares had been traded. That was about 5.2 times the stocks average full-day volume over the past 30 days. The fall in the price of AirAsia share was considered to be the highest fall after 2011. However, as expected the price of share went up after sometime (REUTERS, AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE, 2015). Reaction of Investors to Problem and Solution There was a drastic fall in the AirAsias share after the incident took place. The entire market was bewildered after a fall in the market. Investor lost the hope in the company for a short period of time. AirAsia try building customer faith that was lost after the crash. It is very obvious from the research that has a sustainable impact on the investor. A negative image of the brand was coated for the short period of time. Customers believed that the company is not trustworthy enough to gain an effective market share. The fall in investors faith has affected the brand and later created a question in their mind. They find it difficult for them to manage the interest of people in the company. People do lose faith in a brand after such an incidence. AirAsia replenish the lost faith of people in the company. The CEO of AirAsia came forward and took complete responsibility of the incidence. It was pretty much understood that people require and effective plan in order to gear up people interest (McGee, 2015). Trend Analysis of Share Price during the Period The following data shows the change in the price of AirAsia during the event. It states forward the changes in the fall of the prices. The AirAsia share price fell 7.8 percent at the starting stage. It started recovering in July 2015. The chart represents the changes in market share of AirAsia after the incidence. This directly showcases the impact of this incidence on the company (Reuters, 2015). Conclusions To conclude, the incidence had a long lasting impact in the history of AirAsia. It can be seen that Airliner faced multiple impacts due to the incidence. People lost faith in the airliner that has shaken the faith of people. It is important enough for taking inference of such incidences and developing a proper strategy in order to avoid any such incidence in future. The report provide with multiple theories. It examines the consequences that lead to this event and further affected the share market. Summary of Key learning Points The aircraft crash lead to series of consequences generating multiple allegations on the AirAsia The deadliest incident created a deep concern in mind of people regarding the credibility of aircraft The failure was caused due to the RTL and ineffective training to the pilots. The share market was affected due to the incidence for a short period which later started recovering in July 2015. Recommendations To company It is recommended that, AirAsia need to incorporate an effective training process. The problem can only be eliminated if the company is able to manage the situation with a correct approach. This is important for gaining effectiveness in drawing efficiency in the best possible way. To readers It is recommended that, for safety sake the customers need to keep faith in the airliner. It is further suggested that the travellers should refrain themselves from using airline that are continuously facing the issues. References Abend, L.2015. AirAsia 8501 crash: It's not just pilot error. Online. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/01/opinions/abend-airasia-8501-case/index.html Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Auxier, E.2015. PULL DOWN! HARSH LESSONS FROM THE AIRASIA 8501 ACCIDENT. Online. Available at: https://airwaysmag.com/best-of-airways/pull-harsh-lessons-airasia-8501-accident-2/ Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Barreveld, D., 2015.Air Crash Investigations-Cracked Solder Joint-The Crash of Indonesia Air Asia Flight 8501. Lulu Press, Inc. Bellamy, W.2015. AirAsia Flight 8501 Crash Caused by Pilot Error, Rudder Units. Online. Available at: https://www.aviationtoday.com/2015/12/03/airasia-flight-8501-crash-caused-by-pilot-error-rudder-units/ Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Brajawidagda, U., Chatfield, A.T. and Reddick, C.G., 2015, May. The imperative of government transparency in crisis communication: the case of AirAsia QZ8501 crash. InProceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research(pp. 51-60). ACM. Elliot,M.2015. AirAsia QZ8501 Crash: Final Report Points to Faulty Component, Crew Action. Online. Available at : https://www.flyingmag.com/technique/accidents/airasia-qz8501-crash-final-report-points-faulty-component-crew-action Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Gerken, F., Van der Land, S.F. and van der Meer, T.G., 2016. Crisis in the air: An investigation of AirAsias crisis-response effectiveness based on frame alignment.Public Relations Review,42(5), pp.879-892. Koren, M.2015. What Brought AirAsia Flight 8501 Down?. Online. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/12/airasia-crash-report/418143/ Accessed on: 25 November 2017 LA Times, 2015. Full Coverage Crash of Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501. Online. Available at : https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-airasia-8501-sg-storygallery.html Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Lab,K.2015. AirAsia crash: crew lost control of plane after apparent misunderstanding. Online. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/01/airasia-crew-actions-caused-jet-to-lose-control-say-crash-investigators Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Matsuno, S. and Ilmi, B., 2015. A CAUSAL STUDY ON THE AIRASIA AIRBUS CRASH EVENT. McGee, O.2015. AirAsia 8501 Crash Report Says Faulty Part, Pilot Error Stalled Airbus A320 Last Year. Online. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/airasia-8501-crash-report-says-faulty-part-pilot-a320-oliver Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Otto,B. And Pasztor, A. 2015. Malfunctions, Pilot Response Blamed in AirAsia Flight 8501 Crash. Online. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/rudder-system-failure-contributed-to-airasia-flight-8501-crash-1448956384 Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Plucinska, J.2015. Crew Action and a Faulty Part Caused the AirAsia Crash, Indonesian Investigators Say. Online. Available at : https://time.com/4130480/airasia-crash-indonesia-qz8501-cause/ Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Pounian, S. and Green, J., 2015. AirAsia Flight 8501 Disaster: Applying International Conventions.New York Law Journal. REUTERS, AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE,2015. Crash of AirAsia QZ8501: Key findings of investigation report. Online. Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/crash-of-airasia-qz8501-key-findings-of-investigation-report Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Reuters, 2015. AirAsia Flight QZ8501 missing, share price crashes 7.8 pct, biggest drop in 3 years. Online. Available at: https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/airasia-flight-qz8501-missing-share-price-crashes-7-8-pct-biggest-drop-in-3-years/24107/ Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Smith ,L.2015. AirAsia flight QZ8501: Faulty part and 'crew action' caused loss of control that killed 162. Online. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/airasia-crash-crew-action-caused-loss-of-control-of-flight-that-crashed-into-java-sea-killing-162-a6755311.html Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Trask, S. 2016. Thousand of Australians flew on doomed Indonesian AirAsia plane for a year before it crashed in Java Sea and killed 162 people. Online. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3570375/AirAsia-plane-flew-fault-year-crash-Java-Sea.html Accessed on: 25 November 2017 Wise,J.2015. AirAsia Flight 8501 Crash Reveals the Dangers of Putting Machines in the Drivers Seat. Online. Available at: https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/12/airasia-flight-8501-and-the-risks-of-automation.html Accessed on: 25 November 2017

Operational Decision Making at the Rotana Jet Company

Company Description Rotana Jet is an Airline Company in the United Arab Emirates operating both Scheduled Airline and Executive Charter services. Rotana Jet aims at improving its services and connectivity not only to the Arabian Gulf region, but also to the entire world.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Operational Decision Making at the Rotana Jet Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its operations, the company has maintained standard benchmarks in order to enhance safety, quality, and apt customer service (â€Å"Rotana Jet: About Us† par. 2). The Company has a vision of expanding its fleet, capabilities, and route networks as techniques of meeting the frequently changing needs of the market. Simultaneously, Rotana Jet intends to deliver new and innovative services and products to its clients in order to gain competitive advantage over its competitors in the crowded airline industry. Currently, the company operates in Sir Bani Yas Island, Dalma Island, Fujairah and Al Ain, as well as Johannesburg, London and Singapore. Description of Operations The Airline Company has operating bases for domestic services at Al†Bateen Executive Airport and Abu Dhabi International Airport. At Al†Bateen Executive Airport, which is the main operating base, the airline has a Technical Operations division that maintains aircrafts and provides component support for the ERJ145 and G450 aircrafts (â€Å"Rotana Jet: About Us† par. 4).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On-site division saves on cost of maintenance and component support as compared to a situation where a company outsources such services. Rotana Jet offers scheduled Airline services in which it has schedule to expand its route network to places like Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah. The location of the main ai rport is exceptionally strategic to tap both domestic passengers and corporate clients. Since the company operates on flight services, it has moved to add a new Airbus A319ER, which carries 34 more passengers than the legendary Gulfstream G450. At the same time, the company has ensured that it increases output by purchasing 50-seater Airbuses that can fly non-stop from Casablanca to Abu Dhabi (â€Å"Rotana Jet: About Us† par. 7). In using two jets in the Regional Airline Fleet, Rotana Jet is improving the overall output of its services. The overall outputs in the operations are mainly non-tangible, such as high customer satisfaction, high returns on investments, and increased customer loyalty. The airline industry being a service-based industry ensures that it offers quality services to its customers. Supply Chain Decisions Rotana Jet has a well-organised network that handles products and services from the suppliers to final consumers. In this network, the company plans and m anages all activities in collaboration with channel partners, customers, fleet suppliers, and third-party service providers. Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Operational Decision Making at the Rotana Jet Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: Rotana Jet Supply Chain Third party service providers in the supply chain are companies that provide other services at the airport such as refreshments, transport, and rooms for accommodation (Hammond, Keeney, and Raiffa 18). They also handle cargos at the airport and even take care of them while on transit. Fleet suppliers are airline construction firms that ensure that the airline company does not have shortage of aircrafts. Suppliers ensure that materials like ticketing machines and other non-strategic materials are available for use by customers. Channel partners, on the other hand, are organisations that cooperate with Rotana Jet to ensure efficiency i n service provision. For example, the Abu Dhabi International Airport management ensures that the runways are decent for landings and take-offs at all time. Customers are the final users of the services in the industry; they interact with the supply manager, as well as third party service providers in pursuit of quality services. The Rotana Jet supply manager in the supply chain coordinates all the activities in the airline industry in a streamlined manner to ensure that the company meets its strategic objectives in the end (Kopczak and Johnson par. 9). To enable Rotana Jet gain competitive advantage in the market, operations manager must rely on effective supply chains. They must understand the needs of the customers and other members in the supply chain in order to increase overall satisfaction for all.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The supply chain can increase the number of passengers, as well as cargo bookings if it is managed properly. In line with the above supply chain, the operational manager will also have to make inclusive decisions that encompass the interests of all the stakeholders in the company (Sanders 26). Markedly, all the stakeholders in the supply chain play vital roles in smooth operation of Rotana Jet. Therefore, the management must take into account their demands when making strategic decisions. From the company’s website, it is evident that the company keeps maintaining customers’ loyalty through cost-cutting moves. For instance, in its promotion, the fare inclusive of taxes from Abu Dhabi to Sir Bani Yas Island is AED 200, but an Airline Company like the Fly Emirates does not access such routes (Taylor and Raden par. 5). This move has enabled Rotana Jet to respond to public requests to serve regions that other airline companies have not accessed. Moreover, in 2012, this air line company became the first Domestic Airline to begin operating between Sir Bani Yas Island and Al†Bateen Executive Airport. At the same time, Rotana Jet intends to expand its networks to remote areas like Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah. In other areas, the company had to cut cost in order to attract customers to use their services given that there is no difference from other companies. Operational Decisions Among the ten critical operational decisions, the case study discusses location strategy as a key factor in the success of Rotana Jet Company. Based on the services that the company offers, it decided to choose an airport on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi City Centre. The unique location made it suitable for both domestic passengers and corporate clients to access it. Since operational decision-making is an asset for all companies, the company will have to locate other airports in areas that are close to major cities in the world in order to make their decisions great corporate assets (Taylor par. 6). Proximity of airports to town centres increases the number of customers into the premises, and even makes it easy for an airline company to reach the potential consumers. In accessing the untapped market, Rotana Jet went on to set its foot in Dalma Island and Sir Bani Yas Island. In future, the company should move into regions that are near to city centres given the easy accessibility of such regions for all customers. Such decisions will enable Rotana Jet to receive many customers and passengers, thus increasing its volume of business transactions. With flights presenting numerous risks to neighbourhoods, location of future airports should consider nearby buildings, the maximum allowable heights, and distance of such structures from the airport. Since Rotana Jet Company targets to maximise growth and expand its clients’ base in the future, the above decisions on location strategy will help in realising the strategic goals and objectives of the airline company (Taylor and Raden par. 8). Productivity Determining productivity within this industry is measured by comparing the amounts of resources committed towards daily operations and the returns on investment received from the same clients (Hoenig 58). The Company can automate all its services, such as online ticketing of flights and accommodations. This will reduce the cost of maintaining employees who had been dealing with manual bookings. Additionally, there will be no queuing for services, hence increasing efficiency in the end. This reciprocates to increase in ROI. For example, assuming that the total monthly expenses are $300,000 and the gross returns in the same month are $505,000, the company will have a net profit of $205,000, implying that it is productive. When it comes to defining the operational management strategy for the company, one must keep in mind that the company’s productivity depends highly on two basic factors, i.e., the speed of information processing and the quality of the equipment, which predisposes such important aspect of the flight operations as passengers’ comfort and safety. Therefore, it is crucial that two major improvements should be made to the Rotana Jet Company. To start with, information management must be upgraded to the point at which the principles of shared information are integrated into the company’s principles of production process organization. As recent researches say, most misconceptions and misunderstandings leading to major mistakes, which, in turn, can affect the quality of the flight and, in the worst case scenario, claim passengers’ lives, stem from the inaccessibility of information regarding the flight schedule, as well as low speed of information transfer concerning the changes in the flight schedule. Therefore, it is crucial that the information concerning flights, as well as the state of the aircrafts and the results of the recently conducted airplane audits, should be avai lable to every member of the company. More to the point, every member should be made aware of the recent changes that occurred to the flight schedule, which can be achieved by introducing the principles of knowledge sharing. Another nonetheless important aspect that the quality of flights depends on concerns the professionalism of the employees. Firms that constantly engage their employees in trainings, seminars, and workshops do realise growth (Hammond, Keeney, and Raiffa 37). This growth comes in hand with stakeholders’ trust. For example, the move will develop loyalty among customers due to quality service provision. Businesses ought to be proactive and remain focussed on achieving their strategic objectives; therefore, the organizations must be open to learn new ideas to develop new knowledge. The Coca-Cola Company will continue to dominate the soft drink industry over its closest rival Pepsi if I use the above options to improve productivity.It is imperative that the sta ff should be trained regularly and that their skills should be upgraded every year at the very last. With competent staff and updated equipment, Rotana Jet will be able to provide its customers with the services of the finest quality. Works Cited Hammond, John S., Ralph L. Keeney, and Howard Raiffa. Smart Choices: a Practical Guide to Making Better Life Decisions. New York: Broadway Books, 2002. Print. Hoenig, Christopher. The Problem-Solving Journey: Your Guide to Making Decisions and Getting Results. Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Pub., 2000. Print. Kopczak, Laura Rock, and Eric Johnson. The Supply-Chain Management Effect. MIT Sloan Management Review RSS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Apr. 2003. Web. Rotana Jet: About Us. Rotana Jet. N.p., n.d. Web. Sanders, Ralph. The Executive Decision-Making Process Identifying Problems and Assessing Outcomes. Westport, Conn.: Quorum, 1999. Print. Taylor, James, and Neil Raden. The Importance and Benefits of Operational Decision Making. Search Business Analytics. N.p., 4 July 2007. Web. Taylor, James. Operational Decision Making as a Corporate Asset. JT on EDM RSS. N.p., 27 Jan. 2010. Web. This case study on Operational Decision Making at the Rotana Jet Company was written and submitted by user Kathleen V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Relationship Between Good and Evil in Beowulf free essay sample

Who Is The Hero? Throughout Beowulf I have been intrigued by the theme of good and evil and their relationship. Primarily how there are a number of different ways to think of the relationship between the two. I think that in Beowulf there are many interesting ways that evil and good are portrayed. For the most part Beowulf represents good/ heroes and then there are three main representations of evil that Beowulf faces. One thing I realized about the relationship between the two is that you could not have one without the other. For example, the reason that Beowulf becomes so well known and famous is because he defeats an evil demon (Grendel). A hero is someone who possesses a vast amount of courage and someone who is known for overcoming a certain obstacle(s). An evil figure is often the obstacle that the hero must over come; it is someone or something that is often thought of as immortal and feared by the public. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Good and Evil in Beowulf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without Grendel or any short of evil figure, Beowulf would not have made a name for himself. When it comes down to it; evil is what makes someone a hero. In this story, the idea of evil is presented through the three monsters and the action of killing, the idea of good is represented threw Beowulf and comitatus. Universally, pretty much all folk tales, stories, and epics that involve good and evil are about the two battling it out. It is a way of enhancing the story, no one wants to hear a story about a hero achieving a goal easily, the idea of a challenge and struggle is what really interests people. In Beowulf it is more that Beowulf is defending the people from the evil. It is not a pleasant scene when Grendel comes storming into the mead hall; he starts attacking everyone and everything, killing many in the process. Beowulf makes a boast that he will defeat Grendel in battle, but it also seems he just defends the peace of the community at hand, â€Å"So times were pleasant for the people there until finally one, a fiend out of hell, began to work his evil in the world. Grendel was the name of this grim demon. † (99-103) An interesting question to ask is how do you know who is the hero and who is the evil figure? In real life there is no one side to anything. Some people may consider a person a hero and some people may consider that same person the evil figure. It is all about putting it in too perspective, and who the â€Å"hero† is benefitting. For example, Beowulf is a hero to the Danes because he defeats Grendel and that bennifits them because it means they are safe for the mean time and will not be disturbed by Grendel again. Later though in the epic, Grendel’s mother battles Beowulf, and for what reason? She was avenging her son. Avenger a lost love one, seems like something a hero might do. So you cannot say that Grendels mother’s reasoning was very unreasonable, because in the end she was just honoring her son, in that sense Beowulf could even be considered the evil figure, its just all about perspective. Really though Beowulf it would be hard to imagine Grendel, Grendel’s mother, or the dragon as anything else except evil and monstrous, but too some in the story these characters may not be considered evil, so too sum it up, at first it may seem very straight forward too who the â€Å"good guy† is and who the â€Å"bad guy† is, but in the end the line between good and evil can often get blurred. Without a hero you could not have evil, with out evil you could not have a hero. Although we look at good and evil as opposites they need each other to define one another. A hero needs to conquer some sort of evil to earn the title of a true â€Å"hero† and Beowulf is a perfect example. Once he defeats Grendel the Danes adore him, he achieves a task that appeared near impossible. When he does end up finally defeating Grendel he earns the title of a true hero. Beowulf and Grendel are similar in the sense that they share a very similar level of physical strength and this is true with all the monsters Beowulf faces. All of the monsters are very evil and immortal, with Beowulf, since he has such grand power he is also thought to be a little bit immortal in some senses, â€Å"The monster wrenched and wrestled with him but Beowulf was mindful of his mighty strength, the wondrous gifts God had showered on him: He relied for help on the Lord of All, on His care and favour. So he overcame the foe, brought down the hell-brute. † (1269-1274) So another characteristic that Beowulf and these monsters share are that they are all not normal human beings, they all share some sort of paranormal power and strength, which could either be very good or very bad depending on how one utilizes them. I find the idea that Beowulf and the monsters have similar traits and characteristics very interesting, because their power is what makes them similar but what separates them is how and what they actually use that power for. Like Uncle Ben once said in Spiderman â€Å"With great power, comes great responsibility. † When it comes down too it, it is about who has more moral strength, between the hero and the evil figure who is going to use their power for â€Å"the right thing†. Beowulf lives a life of greatness and glory, he gets known as a hero and he dies a hero. When he fights the dragon, it seems that that is the way he would want to die, defending the community. Too be a hero you must take risks, risks that may be considered by the average person too dangerous to even consider taking. Although, these risks are not always about fighting a monster. Heroes do not always come in such an obvious form; some one does not have to have godly strength or any kind of super power to be a hero, most heroes are the every day people. A hero does not have too kill a demon beast or save millions, a hero is just someone who is willing to make a difference, no matter how big or how small.

A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement

A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement Introduction The theory of ‘in place’ and ‘out of place’ tends to stratify the society on the basis of the correct placement of each social stratum. These strata could rely on economic affluence, ideologies, gender, race or religion. This phenomenon is an interesting focal point, when examining the instances when geography intersects with social ideologies of a particular setting (Cresswell, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the societal expectations make individuals behave in a certain manner when he/she occurs in a particular setting, and any consequence that may accompany their defiance is blamed more on the correctness of the place rather than on the explicit nature of the occurrence (Hubbard, Kitchin, Valentine, 2010). This research proposal is designed to look at a situation in the social setting that depicts the society’s correctness in relation to place and how this correctness or incorrectness affects them or the surrounding society in that particular place both explicitly and implicitly. The real time study of Occupy Wall Street Movement was chosen as a phenomenon worth analyzing. It is important to note that the movement can be regarded as an illustration of the power of specific space over specific groups of people. The instance of St. Paul’s Cathedral (London) verifies the assumption that place (or space) can play a very important role in the development of societies. For instance, London protestors decided to express their ideas in immediate proximity to London Stock Exchange (â€Å"St Paul’s Protest†, 2011). Therefore, people’s choice was rather predictable, as they wanted to be heard by their opponents, â€Å"financial sharks†. It is also important to note that they people could not simply occupy areas near the Exch ange as the areas were privately owned. Therefore, protestors had an opportunity to find an ideal public place to express their concerns. Remarkably, the protestors were heard as authorities tried to come to certain agreement. More so, dean of the cathedral had to resign which can be regarded as a manifestation of power of such social movements (Walker, 2011). Admittedly, the fact that the protestors were heard is due to the place they occupied. In that case space (or rather specific place) influenced choices different groups of people made. Purpose of the research The purpose of this research paper is to critically examine the situation upon which the aspects of social expectations with regard to the society’s way of life are related to space. It will cast light on different facets of place away from just the spatial implications. Various instances in which an individual taking a particular social place is expected to behave in a certain way will be analyzed looking at the r eal life occurrences that made the phenomenon explicitly reveal itself in a social setting in a real time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In attempt to bring out the situation in a more realistic manner and in a way that people can relate with, this research paper focuses on the Occupy Wall Street Movement, a kind of uprising that began in September 2011. Inspired by the uprisings in the Arab world that have been associated with ushering in revolutionary changes in favor of the oppressed majority (Gelder, 2011), the movement was on the forefront in demand for a fair share of equality in economic, social and political arenas. Hence, the argument will be based on whether there is a relationship between the ways in which the protesting behave in airing their demands and places where they gather with reference to the social structure. It is important to note that the present movement provides important insights into the assumption that privatization of public places minimizes people’s control over the development of the societies (Mitchell, 1995). The idea of the movement is that a small group of people accumulates all resources depriving the majority of the citizens from those resources. Ironically, the movement was an illustration of the basic idea. People occupied public places and tried to make their ideas heard. Importantly, authorities tried to make the protestors go even from the public areas (Burns, 2011). Therefore, Mitchell’s concerns about minimization of public control can be rather relevant. Apart from this, the protests in London show that the place does shape people’s behavior. Thus, being in immediate proximity to the cathedral made people more preserved and tolerant. In fact, both sides had to consider their actions thoroughly because of the place chosen by the protestors. Hence, the argument will be based o n whether there is a relationship between the ways in which the protesting behave in airing their demands and places where they gather with reference to the social structure. Background Information Occupy Wall Street abbreviated as OWS is a movement that began in Zuccoti Park in New York on September 17th 2011 after being contrived by Adbuster, an activists group based in Canada. The aim of the protest was to disapprove the prevalence economic disparity among the Americans which led to the emergence of social alienation among the middle class and the poor by the few economically affluent people who were perceived to be in control of the Wall Street Business District. In addition, they strongly opposed the participation of the corporate and financial institutions in the political arena, among other basic social wrongs, such as a high rate of unemployment and corruption that have been associated with difficulties of survival among the majority (Apps, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Analysis for Occupy Wall Street Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Apps (2011), the strikers considered themselves as the representatives of the majority that were unemployed, homeless and did not enjoy medical and social benefits, while the political elite and their corporate cronies seemed to benefit from the system. Lower Manhattan has not been spared from the rampant riots and uprisings due to its connection with financial system and the economy (History.com Staff). The overall intent of Occupy Wall Street was connected with those receiving end crossing and wanting to cross barriers, occupy places meant for public use or even to air their dissatisfaction. This approach could be accompanied by possible violence and severe ramifications. The use of social media was seen as a breakthrough on gathering the crowd and circumventing the administration as well spreading their blueprint. L iterature Review Ideological values are a product of social expectations with regard to the conduct in a particular spatial setting (Therborn, 1980). Scholars, such as Goren Therborn (1980), have argued that an ideology could only be considered to be good or bad with regard to the place in which it was taking place rather than time. Hence, it becomes justifiable for someone to judge on the validity of an action basing his argument on the spatial setting upon which the action is taking place. While it is usually unnoticeable when individuals behave normally being â€Å"in place†, it becomes obvious when a person acts â€Å"out of place† because it does not correspond to the expectations of the surrounding society, which may expose the actor to prejudice. Kitchin (1999) also argues that people often see if some individuals or groups do not fit the space occupied. Though the researcher focuses on specific characteristics, the assumption can be applied to various groups ch aracterized by different features. Thus, socio-economic features make people find themselves in different camps. The researcher also dwells upon some issues concerning social justice (Kitchin, 1999). Studies have shown that social injustices are characterized by distinct spatial settings which are exhibited through the control and domination of space by one group of people. When the word injustice is used, unfair treatment comes in mind and is more inclined to the issue of social morality (Smith, 1994).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that people who are oppressed by an economic or political system are more likely to be found in a certain locality away from their oppressors. In order for them to have their outcry given attention, they tend to move to the localities in which they believe they will catch the attention of the oppressors. Such was the case of Occupy Wall Street Movement. Problem statement The problem statement for the research paper is to critically analyze the Occupy Wall Street Movement and determine whether there is(are) any instance(s) the behavior and actions of the protestors intersect with place. The research will examine the interaction between the actions of the protestors and the place in which they decided to camp; whether they were in place to do so or they were out of place. Significance of the problem Zuccoti Park is a privately owned park that is accessible to the public. It was designed for recreational purpose, but on September 17th, 2011, people with absolutely differen t agenda started trickling in the park to protest against the Wall Street system. Thus, these people did not behave with respect to the expectations of the general public and the owners, too. Hence, they were viewed to have taken their motives out of place. The NYPD was not in the capacity to install a curfew in the park to avert the strikers from being there though it seemed to be an appropriate intervention. If the park was not privately owned, the police could have used every means at their disposal to avert the entry into the park. This is because the strikers were not intending to use it in the way prescribed by the common law. If the protesters had decided to air their protests at their homes, possibly, nobody could have noticed it. In addition, there were reported cases of theft of mobile phones and laptops among the protesters who claimed to receive police protection. In some instances, cases of sexual harassment started leaking into the press that led to setting up of tents exclusively meant for female protesters. Some cases of violence went unreported with the police blaming the strikers of infusing â€Å"three strikes policy† which discouraged the victims from reporting any physical violence inflicted upon them until the offender performed the same violence in three different occasions. The protesters claimed the police tell them to deal with their own tribulations or go back to their homes. Thus, this case presents a credible illustration of people acting out of place which draws attention from various actions. These people were denied some basic rights by the police on the claims that they were not supposed to use the park for that purpose. Various evils were inflicted upon them, which looked justifiable in the eyes of the offenders; after all they were not supposed to have camped there. Thus, it is important to take a closer look at the movement in the context of space. It is important to reveal the correlation between the exact place and people’s actions. Crang and Thrift (2000) point out that space cannot be separated from social context and vice versa. Therefore, the movement can be analyzed in terms of socio-spatial context. It can be important to understand the choices people made, and how the places chosen affected the way people acted. Apart from this, it is essential to analyze the outcomes of the protests. It is important to understand whether the place chosen helped protestors to achieve their aims or not. It is also necessary to trace the development of the protestors’ ideas and the development of the movement itself. This analysis can help to more deeply understand the role of place in the development of societies. The precise movement can provide insights into socio-spatial processes that take place in the societies. References Apps, P. (2011, October 11). Wall Street action part of global Arab Spring? Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-global-politics-protest/wall-s treet-action-part-of-global-arab-spring-idUSLNE79A03Z20111011 Burns, J.F. (2011, October 30). ‘Occupy’ protest at St. Paul’s cathedral in London divides church. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/world/europe/occupy-protest-at-st-pauls-cathedral-splits-anglican-church.html?pagewanted=allmtrref=undefinedgwh=647817B4F967C6A37944AB9071E5C5FEgwt=pay Cresswell, T. (1996). In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press. Gelder, S.V. (2011). How occupy Wall Street changes everything. In S.V. Gelder Staff of Yes! Magazine (Eds.), This changes everything: occupy wall street and 99% movement (pp. 1-13). New York, NY: Beret-Koehler Publishers. Crang, M. Thrift, N.J. (2000). Thinking Space. New York, NY: Routledge. History.com Staff. (2011). Wall Street: 300 Years of Protests. Web. Hubbard, P., Kitchin, R. Valentine G. (Eds.) (2010). Key Thinkers on Space and Place (2nd e dn.). London: Sage. Kitchin, R. (1999). Creating and awareness of others: Highlighting the role of space and place. Geography, 84(1), 45-54. Mitchell, D. (1995). The end of public space? People’s Park, definitions of the public, and democracy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 85(1), 108-133. Smith, D. J. (1994). Geography and Social Justice. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. St Paul’s protest: Legal action is launched. (2011, October 28). BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-15495019 Therborn, G. (1980). The Ideology of Power and the Power of Ideology. New York, NY: New Left Books. Walker, P. (2011, October 31). Dean of St Paul’s Cathedral resigns over Occupy London protest row. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/31/dean-st-pauls-resigns-occupy

Islam communities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islam communities - Essay Example Though his message was initially rejected, by the year 630 he had succeeded in gaining control of Mecca, the economic and religious center of the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammed died after two years, this does not stop the Islam religion to spread rapidly. In 750 A.D. Islam spread out in Spain, India, Asia, and Africa. Some of the well known philosophers and mathematician were believed to be Muslim. In the time of the golden era Christianity and Islam clashed, as a result of the so called science of debate or Kalam. Kalam (literally the science of debate) denotes a discipline of Islamic thought which is referred to as "theology" or as "scholastic theology." This discipline involves the political and the religious controversies that engulfed the Islam community in its formative years, it deals with interpretations of religious doctrine and the defence of the interpretations by means of discursive arguments. The introduction of Kalam came to be associated with the Mu'tazilla, a nationalist school that emerged at the beginning of the 2nd century ah and the rose to prominence in the following century. Rationalism was discreted because of the failure of the Mutazilla, leading to a resurgence of traditionalism and later to the emergence of the Ashariyya School. The Asharite School gained acceptability within mainstream (Sunni) Islam. The Sunni comprises the 90% of all the Muslims, their name derived from the fact that they look both to the Koran and to the sunna in establishing proper Muslim conduct. The "sunna" is the behavior or example of Muhammed and of the early Muslim community. Another group arises in the Islam community is the Shiites. It comprises 10% of the Muslim community and usually lives in Iran and Iraq. The word Shi'ite means partisan and they are referred as the partisan of Ali. Ali is the son in law and cousin of Muhammed and one of the early Caliphs or successors to Muhammed as leader of the Muslim people. They believe that the leader of Islam should be among the descendants of Ali. The last of these divinely appointed leaders, or "imams" most Shi'ites believes to be in "hiding" in another realm of existence. The Ayatollah Khomeini was believed to have been a spokesman for this "hidden imam." The third group of Islam are the Suffis who seek a mystical experience of God, rather than a merely intellectual knowledge of Him, and who also are given to a number of superstitious practices. Beliefs of Islam To Islam there is no God but Allah. The early Islamic Arabs were polytheists. Muhammed is the instrument leading the Muslims to devote themselves solely to the chief God whom they called Allah which means God. They believe that Allah has a magical power and to worship others is considered blasphemy. The Islam religion also believes in angels and jinn. Jinn are spirits being capable of good and evil actions and of possessing human beings. The Muslims believed that they are being accompanied by jinn and angels one on the right to record good deeds and the jinn on the left to record the evil deeds. Muslims has great belief to their God's holy book called Koran. Chief among these are the Law given to Moses, the Psalms given to David, the Gospel (or Injil) given to Jesus, and the Koran given to Muhammed. According to Muhammed the Christian scriptures has been tampered and the real bible is the Koran. Difficulties and

Declaration of Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Declaration of Independence - Essay Example Lee asked for a newly declared independent government, one that could form alliances and draw up a plan for confederation of the separate Colonies. The need for some such move had become increasingly clear during the last year, especially to George Washington, if for no other reason than as a rallying cry for his troops. The Virginia soldier chosen by Congress to general its Continental Army languished in New York, short of supplies, short of men and short of morale while facing the threat of a massive British offensive (House 2007).DiscussionCongress immediately turned to consider Jefferson's document. It would have to serve as a sort of early version of a press release--an explanation that could be disseminated at home and around the globe by broadside and to be read aloud at gatherings. Its statements had to inspire the troops and garner public support for the action Congress had just taken. Not surprisingly, Congress paid close attention to the document's language.The delegates t ook the time to spruce it up a little and edit out what they found objectionable. In general the Congress was fine with the vague sentiments of the early paragraphs that have since become the cornerstone of American democracy. What the delegates were more interested in, however, and what they saw as the meat of the document, were the more concrete declarations. For years, they had based their resistance to England on the belief they were not fighting a divinely chosen king, but his ministers and parliament. But during the previous 14 months the Crown had waged war on them, and King George had declared the Colonials in rebellion, that is, outside his protection. Common Sense had gotten them used to thinking of the king as that "royal brute" and this document were supposed to explain why he should be so considered. Thus Jefferson had produced a catalog of George III's tyrannies as its heart and soul (Hole 2001). Congress at length struck out some sentimental language in which Jefferson tried to paint the British people as brothers unconcerned to American suffering and a paragraph where he ran on about the glories the two people might otherwise have realized together. But more substantive changes were especially telling. Among George’s crimes, Jefferson had listed the slave trade, contending that the king had â€Å"waged a cruel war against human nature† by assaulting a â€Å"distant people† and moving them into slavery in â€Å"another hemisphere.† This was too much for Jefferson’s fellow slaveholders in the South, especially South Carolina, and certain Yankee traders who had made fortunes from what Jefferson called the â€Å"execrable commerce.† Together, representatives of these Southern and Yankee interests deleted the section. In any case, after more than two days of sometimes-heated debate, on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress approved the revised document that explained its declaration of independence of July 2. The approval was not immediately unanimous, since the New York delegates had to await instructions from home and did not assent until July 9. At the time of approval, Congress

The limits of my language Essay Example for Free

The limits of my language Essay Human language is considered to be an exclusively human mode of communication; although other animals make use of quite sophisticated communicative systems, none of these are known to make use of all of the properties that linguists use to define language. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. At the core of theoretical linguistics are the study of language structure and the study of meaning. Edward Sapir and his colleague Benjamin Whorf came up with a hypothesis postulating that a particular languages nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers: that different language patterns yield different patterns of thought. On the basis of this theory we could easily say that community we are born into influences our thinking, our background, education and social interaction. For example, a person born in England would be characterised by different behaviours and same drives as a person born in other country.  Pupils in Poland study quite a lot about patriotism and values. A structure of a Polish school teaching is completely different to English one. Everyone in Poland has to learn Polish language and history until they are 19. Most of books they have to read refer to a hero attitude, death, Poland and its history, justice, anti-Semitism, wars and concentration camps. We are being taught information that will shape us in some way and will help us to answer a question: Am I a patriot? Another subject that Polish students have to learn is religious studies. About 95.8 % Polish people are Catholics today. This is another reason to make teenagers learn religious studies. Some of them choose to not to att end this lesson because they describe themselves as theists, but the majority of them still choose to attend RE to find out more about God and their attitude to our motherland. In my opinion, Polish teaching system differ completely from the English way of teaching youth. English people get to choose subjects they prefer to learn and they are limited with their choice. In Poland, pupils do not get a choice and they have to learn about 15 different subjects to get as great knowledge as its possible. It differs in English schools, because in a typical English College when you decide to do A Levels you are only aloud to do from three to five subjects. It shows that students are under pressure of learning logic points of view and way of thinking. It seems to be better idea of training you people but it doesnt teach them any values. Another factor that shapes us would be our background as it has been said in Saphir-Whorf hypothesis. Personally, I find myself more independent and confident that some English people because Poland is characterised by its industry crisis and this is the reason why such a lot of Poles decide to come to England. Another reason that shaped Polish people in the way they are shaped is a fact that Poland was one of these countries that were damaged the most during World War and World War II. I think that it had some influence on the way Polish people behave as well. Final factor would be the fact that English people interact socially different than Polish people. There are some typical issues showing that Polish would behave in another way that English person. English people try to be polite by saying: Hello, how are you ? to everyone while they are not even interested in a receivers answer. Polish person wouldnt try to make an impression on somebody that they are polite. The form and content of both nationalities say differ as well, and the reason for this, again would be nationality and the community you were born into. To recap, my examples have illustrated that a limited knowledge of language severely limits a persons world. The ones I have presented show that community we are born into shapes us and the way we behave. It makes us other from English people who have to decide on how they are going to behave and what are their values, on their own and without any help. I agree with Saphir Whorf hypothesis and I think that language we speak makes us who we are and what we do.

Leadership is about Forging Relationships

Leadership is about Forging Relationships â€Å"In a nut shell, I believe leadership is about forging relationships and perpetuating communication centered on and around a common vision, goals, and values.† Leaders set vision, strategies, goals, and values in order to guide for desired action and behavior. Leaders are characterized by certain traits which distinguish leaders from non-leaders includes Drive, desire to lead, honesty, cognitive ability, self-confidence and knowledge. Leaders are defined by their personal core values and they lead with their hearts.   In the winter of 1987, I was born in a farmer’s family and I grew up in a joint family of fourteen. Teamwork was not a choice, it was a necessity! I believe my greatest leadership asset is that I am socially resourceful. I can communicate effectively and am comfortable one-on-one or with a large group. I truly believe that learning from the experiences of others is an incredibly valuable resource. Learning about others is also a valuable tool. Exhibiting sincere interest in people empowers a leader with knowledge, perspective and insights they may not have considered. In addition, others are likely to increase their receptiveness to anything you have to say or hope to accomplish when they sense your genuine interest in their point of view. Genuine people who are true to themselves and to what they believe in turned into an authentic leader. They are more concern about serving others than they are about their own success or recognition. My journey into leadership is full of peaks and valleys. Leadership has not always been an easy road for me, but has provided me with several challenges. One of my first experiences was in high school and has continued throughout my professional career. My first experience in leadership was my being elected to represent my high school-Birla school, Mumbai for a state level event named India culture quest. We were team of 22 including dancers, singers, gymnastics, science innovation project team, and team to handle brainstorming and quizzes. I remember being so nervous not knowing how to lead or communicate effectively with my fellow students. It was my primary role that to engage and coordinate my fellow student and also represent our school as of the example for discipline and talent on a state level. I knew I could handle this challenge if I organized the team and prepared the charter. My charter was including everyone’s details about their strength and weaknesses. I organi zed all of them into their respective small groups based on their role in an event and asked each team to choose one leader among them. I distributed my responsibilities among these leaders and kept the track of quality of the performance. I also organized special event and outings to encourage my fellow students to engage them. This to me was my first experience in leadership and it helped me in college where I was pushed to organize and managed the annual cultural event named – ‘Odessy’. I felt challenged, but I knew by extending an outline of my high-school leadership. I agreed to commit that my leadership style improved a lot during those days. It became more authentic. Authentic leaders need to sustain high levels of motivation. Keeping that in mind I started my work by delivering motivational speech to my team and asked them to give best of what they have. I outlined my leadership style in such a way that my team mates should feel comfortable to speak up an d share their views. My contributions allowed others to have a better understanding of the overall planning and execution of the Annual Culture Event. This also helped me overcome challenges and differences by expressing myself among different personalities, ethnicities, and cultures. I learned that leadership has multiple dimensions. Articulating the vision and managing the task are not only the responsibilities of a leader. It’s more than that. It’s to influence others by your core values, your unique characteristics and your authentic and positive approach. You will be most effective as a leader when you find opportunities that highly motivate you and utilize your greatest capabilities. One without the other is insufficient. To find them you must understand your deepest motivations and be honest with yourself about your capabilities. Being motivated by something you are not good at will not enable you to succeed as a leader, nor will pursue leadership roles that do not motivate you. But when you find the role that meshes your motivations with your capabilities, you will discover the sweet spot that maximizes your effectiveness as a leader. I also learned one more lesson that accept both success and failure. My every step, whether it is a mistake or success strategy, will always give me an uncountable experience. I have to learn through that experience. Never afraid of failures because each mistake teaches us the important lessons to succeed. I also developed my listening ability during the whole event. I gained the experience of discovering capabilities which I did not know I had. Another example of leadership includes my managerial experience at my company. The greatest challenge I faced was building a product team at my company. On November 7, 2012 Vice president of my company, Mr. Mahesh Patil, sent me an email and asked me to join him in the cabin. Mr. Patil just returned from a meeting with board of directors. He reported that the company facing challenges to beat the high market competition and we will lose thousands of customers if we are not able to improve our product’s features. As a recently promoted product manager, I was asked to lead the project. I never had experience of leading a huge team of 17 people before. In past, I was working as an associate product manager for the same product and hence I was pretty sure about functionality and technical constraints about the product. I decided to take the opportunity and to challenge myself to enhance my leadership graph. When I entered into my current position, I knew I had to make changes in t he methodologies and product development process. The previous product manager had short of vision and neither organized research work, and process documents. The company relied solely on him, which caused inconsistency in products quality and customers dissatisfaction. I led and supervised 17 employees, coordinated the work of forty two people, and two months later implemented a solution. In order to start with I formed four distinguished teams and re-defined responsibilities and tasks. During the initial discussion with Mr. Mahesh Patil and 5 senior managers, I suggested the methodology for solving the problem. I presented the feasibility of the proposed solution and an initial estimate of the costs, and operational implications. I convinced them that how the new methodology will give us an edge over our competitors and innovative marketing strategy will help us to regain the brand name. However, I felt I have not yet consider all the real time risk factors and it may turn into operationally premature solution due to lack of ability in handling the risk. I asked for more days to conduct trials. I knew that the financial consequences of failure would be tremendous and hence I was very much stressed by this project. Leaders do not succeed on their own. Every leader defined by the members of his team. Strong-support team provides affirmation, advice, perspective, calls for corrections when needed, and, above all, team bonding. I knew that I want to lead a team where I should create comfort and open environment so that during the hard days and low points, as a whole team we should not lose our boost to achieve the target. I knew that it is easy to divert by the expectations of others but as a leader my role is to grounded my team mates with their core values and help them to stay on track. In our first team meeting, I shared my strength and weakness and asked others to join me by expressing their thoughts. Three of seventeen Team members were not open with one other about their mistakes and weaknesses. Such things make it difficult to build a foundation for trust. Teams that lack trust are incapable of engaging in unfiltered and passionate debate of ideas. Instead, they resort to veiled discussions and guarded comments. Again I felt challenged. Whether you are a leader or a team member, you can never take trust for granted. It was a big challenge for me to build a trust and create extremely harmonious and independent environment that embrace my personal values and principles. I took the opportunity and passed Quote of Trust and Accountability a.k.a. QTA based on our discussion. Our Quote of Trust and Accountability (QTA) stated as – ‘Trust lies at the heart of a functioning, cohesive team. Without it, teamwork is all but impossible. Unfortunately, the word trust is used—and misused—so often that it has lost some of its impact and begins to sound like motherhood. That is why it is important to be very specific about what is meant by trust. For me trust and accountability is what I perceive and conceptualize my core values and I am responsible to develop authenticity, integrity, knowledge, authority, respect for others, and trust’. We all agreed to Quote of Trust. Next day I gathered my staff and I presented the issues, emphasized the significance of the business opportunity, and defined a timetable. I also asked my marketing team to evaluate the magnitude of the problem in other markets. I set the vision of our team and also specified the norms of team. I distributed the task among four teams and created guidelines of communication and execution. It was two-way communication session where I asked my teammates to share their views, expert knowledge and level of confidence. It was a great session we had. I learned that being with your team-mates face-to-face; inquiring about their work, their families, their personal lives, and their careers; and being open and vulnerable with them creates an intimacy with people. As we moved forward in the project, I able to developed the series of positive interactions, suggestions, and problem solving methodologies. Initially, few members of my team were hesitating to open up due to language barrier. I organ ized Saturday late afternoon party at my home. I invited all to join and made them to participate in the musical chair game. I had also organized activity exercises’ for my team. We had great fun. The enjoyment ended with musical evening where everyone was singing and all were connected to the music. I was listening to the music with closed eyes but I was experiencing the engagement and strong bonding as a team with open heart. I succeed to diminish the language barrier. Whenever I feel stressed or down, I close my eyes and recollect those memories of empowerment. The breeze of empowerment boosts me to stand again.

Middle school Essay

0 year i was born on 1998/7/5, in shanghai, china. 9 month i learned how to walk. 3 years old my first day of kindergarten. i cried but i also met a lot of cool kids. i learned to read. 4 years old i started to dance and i love dancing. 7 years old i went to elementary school and i was very exciting. i played violin for one year and then i quit. 9 years old lost my first tooth, i’m scared. 10 years old i got a first C in my life. rode my bicycle. 12 years old I went to a good middle school, and most people are very good at study. i felt i’m so lonely and tired. But after 2 weeks, i made a lot of friends and i love my life in my high school. my feet hurt, my doctor told me that i can’t dance anymore, play any spots or P. E. class. 13 years old i moved to america because i got a bad score in my middle school. my parents think that i can’t get into a good high school in china. most my classmates cried, i cried. i really missed them went i first came to here. but after few days, i adjusted my new life and i like my new school taylor middle school. however, i still miss my family members in shanghai and my friends. i still contact them. i also took a lot of classes after school to improve my english. 14 years old i became a eighth grader, i felt i’m so mature. i learned a lot from this year. i started to play guitar. 15 years old i went to mils high school. i got a good grade. 19 years old i went to UC berkeley. i met my boyfriend. had a good time in UC berkely. 24 years old graduated from UC berkeley, became a good psychologist. 26 years old i got married, have a good life. 27 years old got a lot of money and had my first child. 32 years old got my second child. 70 years old i got stomach cancer. 82 years old i died from gastric cancer, i donated my organs.

FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE INTENSIVE BAHASA INGGERIS STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TOWARDS LEARNING ENGLISH AT ALPHA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY IN SEREMBAN 2 Essay

In the era of information and technology, there is a great need for individuals to learn and master the English language. Nowadays the English language is important to get a job easily. English is also used for different purposes such as news and information, business, diplomacy, entertainment and others, supported by Kitao as cited in (Kasuma, 2002). According to Travil as cited in (Kasuma, 2002) knowing the language can help us to express our opinions, hopes, and even our dreams. In Malaysia every school uses English as the language for teaching subjects such as Mathematics and Science, and a lot of people learn English at school, where English language is used as a common subject. Learning the language is important and people learn to read and write in English to make sure they can communicate with other people. However, there are still some people who may not read and speak in the English language fluently. In the primary and secondary schools English is taught as a second langua ge. By studying English, students can prepare themselves to improve their thinking and communication skills. Based on Rosli Talif as cited in (Kasuma, 2002), English could 2 contribute to knowledge, understanding and skills of students, who need to be equipped with such skills in order to be prepared for more complex problems in the future. As we all know English is important but there are still people who don’t want to take the opportunity to learn the English language because of their lack of motivation. Motivation is suggested to be an important factor to start learning English. Motivation is defined as the extent that one strives to acquire the language because of the desire to do so and satisfaction derived from it supported by Gardner as cited in (Wimolmas, 2001). For students to achieve their success they need to have a strong motivation for themselves. Motivation can influence the students learning results. Motivation is the biggest single factor affecting a language learner’s success. According to Tuan L as cited in (Jafari, 2013) one of the factors influencing the success of the learners in learning English is the person’s motivation. Students who have low motivation will  not attend the class, or enter the class late, that is why motivation is needed to make the students more likely to enter the class and want to learn English or other subjects. Motivation is one of the factors or keys to success in anything. When they lack motivation the students also get poorer results. Every student has his own goal and target. Some of the students have the motivation to learn and some students learn by working harder in understanding the subject. They will have different results, as some students may have good results and some student may not even though they have worked harder, because the student that have a higher motivation will get the credits and have better results. 3 1.1. Background of Study This research is done in Alpha College of Technology (ACT) which is one of the Private Colleges in Malaysia. The population of this college is about 1143 students. The topic that has been choose by the researcher is the factors that influence Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2. In this research the respondents that have been chosen is students from Alpha College of Technology, who are from Semester 1 to Semester 6. In this research students can be motivated by many factors, and the researcher will focus on four independent variables to examine the factors that influence students’ motivation in learning English. Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) is a programme that takes two month for the students to complete. Students who enter this program will gain a lot of knowledge. The objective in this IBI programme is after two months the students, they should be able speak English using correct grammar and they should be able have a confidence when speaking and communicating with others. In this IBI programme, the students will learn everything in English also speak in English with the lecturers. It is because Alpha College of Technology has decided to take lecturers from the other countries so that they can’t speak our language which is Bahasa Malaysia. With this method, the students will not have an option to communicate in Bahasa Malaysia. They need to speak English to communicate with the lecturers. So the students will be able to have a confidence in themselves to speak with others. The college also has provided good facilities to learn the language in two month. The students will have a comfortable classroom. Other than that the students will also do some activities in the class such as presentations, public speaking, acting, and many more. All of these activities will be in the English language. Some of the students will do the activities individually and in groups so this will make the students have more confidence in communicating with others using the English language. Other than that, the IBI programme also uses technology in the lessons, such as using a projector which teaching in class. This will make the students understand the lectures. The lecturers may use the projector in teaching grammar using presentations. The college also provides good audio systems in every classroom to make sure the students can hear the lecturers during lecture. The audio system also will be used in the listening activities. With all these facilities, the collage hopes to mak e the students have high motivation in learning English in the two months. Although after the two months, if the student still can’t have good grammar skills, at least they have confidence in communication and can speak with everyone. 1.2. Problem Statement English is important nowadays, because it is used in all our daily activities. English is the fourth most widely spoken language in the world. It is the most spoken official language in the world. In Malaysia English is known as a second language which is used every day and it is an international language. English language can help create many opportunities in international markets because English is used as an international language and it will be easy to communicate with others from different countries. Many of the world’s top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English you will have access to great entertainment and have a greater cultural understanding. Other than that, most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So, by knowing English will allow you to access and get more information easily. There are several factors that motivate IBI students in learning English. Learning will not happen without good motivat ion, some students may have a good motivation but when it comes to learning English they will lose their motivation because they have a negative view to learning English. So, in  this research the researcher will view the factors that influence IBI students to learn English. There are four factors that influence IBI students’ motivation in learning English which are the activities, facilities, the lectures ability and the technology. Specifically, the research explored that with suitable activities, it will help students’ motivation in learning English. Learning English will not be effective if the students only learn theory without activities, because students will have better understanding of the language and have the courage to speak in front of others. As we notice, most of students who learn English do not fully understand and can’t speak and communicate well with others. This is because they do not have the motivation to do so. In Malaysia, some of the institutes don’t have effective activities for the students to give them motivation to learn English. The colleges must know what activities can be used to make the students want to learn more English. They can give activities such as public speaking, poem recitations, and spelling contests. With correct activities, the students will have good motivation to learn English, because they will not face any stress in learning English. Next the researcher also examined the facilities of the college to see if they are suitable for the students to learn English. The college must provide good facilities to make their students learn English. A college which does not have good facilities will not inf luence student’s motivation in learning English. The facilities will include whether the college provides a good class, which has air-conditioning or not, enough tables and chairs for study, and has a whiteboard or not. Good facilities are most important to make the students have motivation in learning English. Some of students don’t want to enter the class because they are not satisfied with the facilities that are provided by the college. In this case the students will not come to class and will study at the hostel. This show that the students have poor motivation because they don’t have the desire to learn and may be they will stop leaning in the college. The lecturers’ ability is also important in determining the students’ motivation in learning the English language. The lecturers need to have a willingness to teach the students and if the lecturers don’t have the willingness to give lectures to the students 7 than the students will not have the motivation to learning English. Lecturers play an important role in developing student’s minds and motivation in learning the English language. Some colleges may have all foreign lecturers to give a lesson to the students so that the students will have to speak in English to communicate well with the lecturers because the lecturers only understand English. With a good lecturer’s ability, the students will be able to learning English with a higher motivation. Also some students may not be liked by the lecturers. This is normally because they are biased, and some students may refuse to enter a class because they do not like the lecturers, either personally or professionally. Other than that, technology also may be a factor that influences students to study the English language. The college needs to update their technology for the betterment of the students. Technology that may be used by the college like projectors, for lectures can make students understand more clearly. Also with the use of technology, the lecturers can give a lecture to the students faster. For some students they can learn faster when using a technology because they enjoy themselves during the lectures and get the main point in the lecture easily. The lecturers also do not need to worry about insufficient time to give lectures to the students. 8 1.3. Research Question This research focuses on factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. The research questions are: 1.3.1. Are activities a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.2. Are facilities a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.3. Is the lecturers’ ability a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.3.4. Is technology a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English? 1.4. Research Objective The specific objective for this research is the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. The research objectives are: 1.4.1. To identify whether activities are a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.4.2. To identify whether facilities are a factor that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.4.3. To identify whether the lecturers’ ability is a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation toward learning English. 1.4.4. To identify whether technology is a factor that influences IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 9 1.5. Significance of Study The significance of this study is to find the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. It is believed that those students that have motivation in themselves will want to continue learning English and take the IBI programme. 1.5.1. Researcher This research, can be used by other researchers as their references. The researcher will also get more knowledge and get more information about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. Other researchers may use the information that is obtained in this study and apply it in other areas by using different or more samples. With this research also the researcher may increase his self-confidence and communication skills when dealing with other people in the future. 1.5.2. Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students Through this research, the student will get the knowledge about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English in more detail. In addition, with this research, the researcher can also help the students to identify the factors that influence them to learn English. 10 1.5.3. Readers This research is important and very beneficial to the reader because it can be used as information in understanding the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English. 1.5.4. Future researcher This research will be able to help others in their future research. It is important because future researchers can use this research as a guide for a new area of research with similar topics. The researcher also will be able to use this research as a reference to gain more knowledge about the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. 1.6. Scope of the Study Student motivation for learning something is the factor for the students to continue studying. For the purpose of this research, the study will focus on factors that influence Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) students’ towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology. 11 1.6.1. Subject This research focuses on factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English at Alpha College of Technology. In this research, the researcher will know what are the factors that will influence the students’ motivation. For this research it focuses on four motivation factors that have been identified. They are activities, facilities, lecturers’ ability, and technology. 1.6.2. Respondents The respondents in this study were selected from students who have taken an IBI programme at Alpha Collage of Technology, Seremban 2. As many as 100 respondents were selected to answer the questionnaire that was already prepared. The questionnaire is based on the factors that influence IBI students’ motivation towards learning English based on the independent variables. 1.6.3. Location The location of the study that was chosen by the researcher is at Alpha College of Technology, Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. This place was selected because it is close to the researcher’s residence, and it is faster for the researcher to distribute and collect the questionnaire from the students. The researcher also selected this place because it is easy to get permission from the authorities to do the research. It is also suitable for 12 the researcher to get the respondents because it is easy to find respondents as they are in the IBI programme at Alpha College of Technology. 1.7. Limitation of the Study 1.7.1. The respondent This research focuses on 100 respondents who had entered the Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) programme, which is a two month programme. The researcher had difficulties when distributing the questionnaire because the researcher needed to give the questionnaire to persons who have entered the IBI programme only. The researcher will get late feedback from the respondents because the researcher may need to explain the questions to them. Also some respondents did not answer the entire questionnaire and gave false information while filling in the questionnaire. Other than that there were a few respondents who did not give their cooperation to the researcher. 1.7.2. The location This study was done at Alpha College of Technology which has an Intensif Bahasa Inggeris (IBI) programme. This study was only conducted in a specific area which is at Alpha Collage of Technology in Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan. 1.7.3. Limitation of data The researcher found that the data needed was available only in Alpha College of Technology. Therefore the data may not be very accurate because it is only from the students of Alpha College of Technology. 1.8. Chapter Summary As a summary, this chapter explains the overview and background of the study. In addition, this chapter also explains about the problem statement of this research which explain about the problem that make the researcher make this research. Next the researcher will create a research question and research objective which will be used as an independent variable in this research. The dependent variable of this research is motivation and Intensive Bahasa Inggeris (IBI). After that the researcher will need to explain about the significance of the study which contain researcher, IBI students, and for the future researcher. Beside that the researcher will explain about the scope of the study which is subject, respondents, and location. Lastly the researcher will explain about the limitation that the researcher have during completed this research.